IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute

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  • 1.
    Baresel, Christian
    et al.
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Westling, Klara
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Samuelsson, Oscar
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Lovisa Andersson, Sofia
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Membrane Bioreactor Processes to Meet Todays and Future Municipal Sewage Treatment Requirements2017In: International Journal of Water and Wastewater Treatment, Vol. 3.2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Several municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Stockholm, Sweden, will within the near future face both an increased load due to a growing population as well as more stringent effluent quality requirements. The latter mainly regarding nutrients due to Sweden‘s commitment to the Baltic Sea Action Plan and the implementation of the European water framework directive (WFD). In addition, removal of emerging substances such as pharmaceutical residues, micro plastics and antibiotic resistance are gaining more attention since WWTP effluent is the most or one of the most significant sources of such loads to the environment [1-4]. Pharmaceutical residues and other emerging substances are generally not efficiently removed in conventional WWTPs [5]. The WFD has defined a list of prioritized substances including pesticides, biocides, flameretardants and metals [6], which already today require monitoring and treatment. Several other substances, including some pharmaceuticals, are on the ‘watch list’ of emerging pollutants that may be placed on the WFD priority list. Requirements for additional treatment, in larger WWTPs, for the reduction of some pharmaceutical residues and other micropollutants (MP) could thus be expected, also in other countries than Switzerland, where such a regulation is already in place. The potential negative effects on aquatic organisms, the aquatic food-web and higher organisms, as well as the risk of increased numbers of antibiotic resistant genes in bacteria, all present a threat to our environment, health and society [7-9]. Another increasing concern for wastewater treatment are emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). At WWTPs, special attention is given to nitrous oxide (N2O), which is a highly potent GHG (298 times more potent than carbon dioxide (CO2 ) [10]). At incomplete nitrification and denitrification N2O can be emitted, which may cause a significant negative overall environmental impact of the treatment process [11,12]. Even though regulations may earliest come in place in some years from now, many WWTPs actively work on reducing GHG emissions from wastewater treatment processes. Besides the requirements to increase capacity, improve treatment efficiency and reduce GHG emissions, many WWTPs also face the problem that they cannot expand spatially as they are located in densely populated areas or underground.

    New solutions for space-efficient, high-capacity and flexible municipal wastewater treatment processes are thus required. Stockholm Water and Waste Company (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall), Sweden’s largest water service organization, is directly facing the above problems of space limitation, increased capacity need and stricter effluent requirements at the Henriksdal WWTP in Stockholm. As a result, the existing conventional activated sludge process (CAS) will be converted to a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR), doubling the capacity by using existing process volumes only. The new process will be the world’s largest MBR facility with a capacity of 1.6 million PE (predicted load year 2040).

    MBRs combine the biological activated sludge process with membrane separation, which provide distinct advantages over the CAS. Advantages include a significantly better effluent (permeate) quality regarding particles, disinfection capabilities due to the membrane pore size, higher volumetric loading due to higher sludge concentrations in the biology, reduced footprint and process flexibility towards influent changes. Even the treatment of MP may be more efficient using MBRs compared to traditional treatment systems. This is partly explained by the fact that MP attached to particles can effectively be removed by filtration whereas dissolved MP can be degraded more effectively because of the higher biological activity in a MBR process. In addition, a more efficient polishing treatment compared to CAS can be achieved [11,13-18]. Drawbacks of the process are the high energy use for aeration and the use of cleaning chemicals in the filtration step to curb fouling and scaling on the membrane surface, which reduces the permeability of the membranes.

    MBRs have been used for a number of decades but only in the last decade, MBRs gained more attention for the treatment of both municipal and industrial wastewater. This is mainly due to a significant cost reduction of membranes and process development decreasing energy requirements [19-23].

    The aim of this research work is to investigate the MBR technology concerning the overall holism and resource efficiency towards some of the most central treatment aspects including nutrient removal, removal of micropollutants and minimizing of GHG emissions. Through actual pilotscale experiments, the paper describes the performance of the studied system under various test periods defined to meet present and future requirements of the growing region of Stockholm, Sweden.

  • 2.
    Bengtsson, Simon
    et al.
    VA SYD.
    Samuelsson, Oscar
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Övervakning och underhåll av luftarsystem: Tillståndsbaserat underhåll för ökad energieffektivitet på avloppsreningsverk2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, the performance of aeration diffusers from Swedish wastewater treatmentplants were tested for the first time. The results showed that fouling as well asageing of diffusers occur at Swedish treatment plants which leads to increased electricityusage for aeration. At the same time, there are opportunities with condition-basedmaintenance that can reduce unnecessary electricity use.With increasing CO2 emissions and electricity prices, energy efficiency has becomeimportant, not least to achieve the goal of a climate-neutral VA industry.

    At the municipalwastewater treatment plants, aeration of the biological treatment basins typicallyaccounts for half of the treatment plant’s total electricity usage, and internationalstudies indicate that up to 40 % of this electricity is wastage due to fouling and ageingof membranes. But the Swedish experiences are limited. The limited knowledge islikely related to that it is not commonly known in the Swedish water sector how theperformance of aeration systems can best be monitored, how maintenance cleaningcan be done and how large the potential savings are.

    In the project, membrane diffusersfrom six Swedish treatment plants were tested in a purposely built test facilitywith clean water and analysed with respect to oxygen transfer efficiency (SOTE) anddynamic wet pressure (DWP). Unlike previous studies, the effects of ageing of themembrane material and fouling of the membranes were assessed separately, whichis crucial to choose the right mitigation action.Two methods for diffuser condition monitoring were implemented at treatmentplants within the participating organisations. Although there were some practicalchallenges with implementation, the results show that it is feasible to monitor changesin SOTE and DWP, either with direct measurements or calculations based on availabledata.The results from the clean water tests showed that fouling primarily affected DWP(up to 40 mbar increase) which is therefore a suitable parameter to monitor, in orderto set the cleaning interval. Ageing, on the other hand, showed a greater impact onSOTE (up to 25 % decrease) compared to fouling (up to 10 % decrease).

    Overall, themeasured effects are somewhat lower than what the literature indicates.However, the percentage values do not reflect the actual impact on electricity usage.Therefore, the combined effects of ageing and fouling were simulated in a model, withvarying maintenance intervals for cleaning and membrane replacement. The conclusionof the simulations was that it was both economically and climatically advantageouswith frequent maintenance (membrane replacement every five years in combinationwith two cleanings per year).The autors advice is therefore to facilitate membrane replacement so that it canbe carried out in a cost-effective manner. The performance of the diffusers should bemonitored using any of the suggested methods. It is furthermore important to actuallycarry out maintenance measures as often as economically justified, where localconditions affect the economic optimum.

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  • 3.
    Björk, Anders
    et al.
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Samuelsson, Oscar
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Gaussian process regression for monitoring and fault detection applications at wastewater treatment processes2017In: Water Science and Technology, ISSN 0273-1223, E-ISSN 1996-9732, Vol. 75, no 12Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Monitoring and fault detection methods are increasingly important to achieve a robust and resource efficient operation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The purpose of this paper was to evaluate a promising machine learning method, Gaussian process regression (GPR), at WWTP monitoring applications. We evaluated GPR at two WWTP monitoring problems: estimate missing data in a flow rate signal (simulated data), and detect a drift in an ammonium sensor (real data).

    We showed that the GPR with the standard estimation method, maximum likelihood estimation (GPR-MLE), suffered from local optima during estimation of kernel parameters, and was not robust enough for WWTP monitoring applications. However, GPR with a state-of-the-art estimation method based on sequential Monte Carlo estimation (GPR-SMC) gave good predictions and did not suffer from local optima. Comparisons with simple standard methods revealed that GPR-SMC performed better than linear interpolation in estimating missing data in a noisy flow rate signal. We conclude that GPR-SMC is both a general and powerful method for monitoring full-scale WWTPs.

    However, this paper also shows that it does not always pay off to use more sophisticated methods. New methods should be critically compared against simpler methods, which might be good enough for some scenarios.

  • 4.
    Johansson, Torbjörn
    et al.
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Fridén, Håkan
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Samuelsson, Oscar
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Björk, Anders
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Sundberg, Mikael
    Datadrivna metoder för att detektera avvikande mätvärden inom dammsäkerhet2020Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Vi gör en litteraturstudie av state of the art i dammsäkerhet och tar reda på vad som har gjorts i andra länder. Vi tittar även på teorier och metoder som inte ännu har använts i dammsäkerhet.

    Det är lätt att komma igång med datadriven analys med hjälp av färdiga verktygslådor som finns öppet tillgängliga. Vi diskuterar därför kring vanliga fallgropar vid dataanalys och hur man undviker dem.

    Mycket av den vetenskapliga litteraturen inom datadriven dammsäkerhet handlar om tillämpning av maskininlärningsmetoder. Den struntar ofta i förbehandling och antar att alla sensorer fungerar. Vi summerar resultat om förbehandling av sensordata och hur avvikelser kan detekteras, och ser att här finns ett gap i dammsäkerhetslitteraturen.

    Vi ser att väl förstådda och utredda metoder som PCA och PLS, tidsseriemodellering, SPC/MSPC och neurala nätverk är lämpliga för vidare studier.

    Med stöd av tiotals års erfarenhet av forskning och utveckling i datadrivna metoder ger vi rekommendationer för hur ett arbete för att implementera datadrivna metoder för att höja dammsäkerheten i Sverige skulle kunna utformas.

    Vi ser att datadrivna metoder för dammsäkerhet är redo att implementeras i Sverige, och bedömer att i kombination med väl utformad instrumentering och rätt givarplacering kan de bidra till väsentligt höjd dammsäkerhet.

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  • 5.
    Lindblom, Erik U
    et al.
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Molin, Hanna
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Samuelsson, Oscar
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Resilient dimensionering av avloppsreningsverk: Osäkerhetsanalys och simulering med tillämpningar på aktivslamprocessen2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Wastewater treatment plants are commonly dimensioned based on rules of thumb and expertknowledge without a clear specification of how uncertainties have been handled. The impact of thedifferent assumptions can be quantified with uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. Weaknesses with traditional design methodology can potentially be mitigated by an increased use of simulation.

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  • 6.
    Lindblom, Erik U
    et al.
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Samuelsson, Oscar
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Lundwall, Ted
    Molin, Hanna
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Processmodellering för digitala tvillingar av framtidens avloppsvattenrening i Kungsbacka2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Kungsbacka kommun behöver bygga ut Hammargårds avloppsreningsverk för att bibehålla den ekologiska statusen i Kungsbackafjorden, trots en ökade belastning från tillväxten i Kungsbacka med omnejd. Kommunen ser en möjlighet att dra nytta av digitala tekniker för att effektivisera både byggprocessen och de färdiga reningsverken.Processmodeller har använts som verktyg i de flesta faser i ett reningsverks livscykel, men det saknas praktiska exempel på hur det bör ske på ett handgripligt sätt i projekterings- och byggprocessen. Detta projekt initierades därför för att förstå hur processmodeller kan stödja processval och dimensionering inom partneringprojekt.

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  • 7.
    Lindblom, Erik U
    et al.
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Samuelsson, Oscar
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Rahmberg, Magnus
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Lundwall, Ted
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Möjligheter med digitalisering och digitala tvillingar. Demonstrationsstudie på industriella och kommunala avloppsreningsverk.2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    En digital tvilling i form av en dynamisk processmodell kan användas för flera syften under hela livscykeln av ett kommunalt eller industriellt reningsverk. Syftet med detta projekt var att (1) demonstrera möjligheter för och (2) identifiera behov och genomförbarhet med en digital tvilling hos de anläggningsägare som ingår i projektet.För att demonstrera möjligheter användes LEVA i Lysekils ombyggnadsprojekt för Långeviks reningsverk som fallstudie. Med dataunderlag från förstudien implementerades en processmodell av det framtida reningsverket i en kommersiellt tillgänglig mjukvara. Denna baseras på att den befintliga för- och efterbehandlingen behålls medan det biologiska reningssteget byggs om till en MBBR-process. Som indata till modellen (temperatur, flöde och koncentrationer på inkommande och försedimenterat vatten) beaktades de förutsättningar som angivits i det förfrågningsunderlag som LEVA tagit fram.

    För att verifiera modellimplementeringen jämfördes modellresultaten med erfarenhetsbaserad kunskap om MBBR-processen. Resultaten visade att modellen i stort ger förväntade resultat vilket är viktigt för att verktyget skall få förtroende vid verklig tillämpning.Med den typ av digital tvilling som använts i projektet finns möjlighet att beskriva/modellera det inkommande avloppsvattnet med en högre detaljeringsgrad än vad som traditionellt görs vid ombyggnadsprojekt. För att demonstrera detta planerades och genomfördes en provtagningskampanj. Resultaten från denna var tyvärr inte tillförlitliga och därför användes i projektet standardvärden för inkommande vatten i projektet. Detta ökar osäkerheten i resultaten jämfört med om provtagningsresultaten hade funnits men förutsättningarna är fortfarande i enlighet med förfrågningsunderlaget.  

    I projektet har det sedan visats att det är möjligt att kombinera den digitala tvillingen med LCA-data för att beräkna klimatpåverkan för olika processutföranden, styrstrategier, val av energikälla och insatsvaror. Detta presenteras som ett stöd för jämförelse av olika anbud vid upphandling även om det kräver mera förarbete av både beställare och entreprenörer. Ett exempel är att byta styrstrategi för dosering av kolkälla kan spara upp till 19 ton CO2-ekvivalenter på ett år. Den digitala tvillingen kan också användas av LEVA under hela den nya processlösningens livstid från design och upphandling till införande och justeringar av driftstrategier och slutligen som ett stöd vid kontinuerlig drift.Som påbyggnad till konventionell processmodellering demonstrerades slutligen möjligheten att köra simulering i realtid och med indata från en verklig process.

    Implementeringen gjordes användarvänlig genom användning av mjukvaran Mediator som enkelt möjliggjorde sammankopplingen av signaler till/från ett styrsystem med kontaktpunkter definierade i simuleringsmjukvaran SIMBA#. Flera veckors stabil drift av systemet kunde visas. Tillämpningen anses dock för rudimentär för att kunna besvara frågor om krav på tidsupplösning, beräkningsprestanda och numerisk stabilitet. Under projektet genomfördes en behovs- och genomförbarhetsanalys genom informations- och kunskapsspridning vid ett flertal arbetsmöten och en avslutande workshop till vilken klustrets anläggningsägare bjöds in.

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  • 8.
    Lovisa Andersson, Sofia
    et al.
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Åmand, Linda
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Samuelsson, Oscar
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Nilsson, Sara
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Instrumentera rätt på avloppsreningsverk2019Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Instrumenten på avloppsreningsverken blir allt fler och är viktiga för både övervakning och processtyrning. Ökat inslag av processtyrning och automation innebär att tillförligheten hos instrumenten måste vara hög. Det blir särskilt viktigt med pålitliga instrument när utsläppsvillkoren skärps och marginalerna krymper.

    Hittills har det saknats råd på svenska när det gäller avloppsreningsverkens instrumentering. Denna rapport sammanställer praktiska erfa¬renheter och kunskap kring instrumentering, och ska bidra till att renings¬verken i Sverige får tillräckligt god mätdatakvalitet från sina instrument för att de på ett resurseffektivt sätt ska kunna nå sina utsläppskrav.

    Arbetet har genomförts av forskare på IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet tillsammans med representanter från elva VA-organisationer. Inom projektet har även fem instrumentleverantörer deltagit. I rapporten samlas matnyttig information och rekommendationer om vad som bör ingå i ett systematiskt instrumenteringsarbete.

    Rapporten försöker besvara frågorna: ”Varför ska man mäta?”, ”Vad och var ska man mäta?” och ”Hur ska man mäta?”. De områden som täcks in är val av instrument, installation och placering, upphandling, organisato¬riska faktorer, underhåll samt givarkontroll och mätvärdesnoggrannhet.

    Instrumentfrågan är komplex och bör behandlas som sådan. Därför behöver den lösas av en grupp med blandad kompetens. Några nyckelfaktorer för att instrumenteringen ska fungera bra är engagerad och utbildad personal samt tydlig ansvarsuppdelning.

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  • 9.
    Samuelsson, Oscar
    et al.
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Björk, Anders
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Benchmark data – biofilm fouling experiments on dissolved oxygen sensors2018Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The dataset contain experimental data from dissolved oxygen sensors in water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs), evaluated in (Samuelsson et al. 2018). Data from both clean and fouled (both artificially fouled with grease and real biofilm fouling) oxygen sensors have been recorded. Data from the phenomena when the sensor signals temporally changes during automatic air-cleaning cleaning (denoted impulse response) are stored separately.

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  • 10.
    Samuelsson, Oscar
    et al.
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Björk, Anders
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Zambrano, J.
    Carlsson, B.
    Fault signatures and bias progression in dissolved oxygen sensors.2018In: Water Science and Technology, ISSN 0273-1223, E-ISSN 1996-9732, Vol. 78, no 5, p. 1034-1044Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    I artikeln beskrivs försök med att automatisk upptäcka mätfel i syregivare på reningsverk.

  • 11.
    Samuelsson, Oscar
    et al.
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Royen, Hugo
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Dahlén, Niklas
    Laurell, Christer
    Ottosson, Elin
    Baresel, Christian
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Westling, Klara
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Bergström, Rune
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Grundestam, Jonas
    Yang, Jing-Jing
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Björk, Anders
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Lindblom, Erik
    Pilotförsök med membranbioreaktor för avloppsvattenrening2014Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a growing interest for municipal wastewater treatment with membrane technology in Sweden. The advantages of membrane technology are a high effluent quality with very low concentrations of organics, nutrients and particles.  At the same time, the spatial footprint of the technology is much smaller compared to other systems. The main disadvantage is higher power consumption due to air use for membrane scouring and large recirculation flows due to pumping energy. Stockholm Water Company (Stockholm Vatten VA AB) has decided to implement membrane separation in existing volumes at the Henriksdal wastewater treatment plant (Henriksdal WWTP) to meet stricter effluent requirements and increased loads due to the shutdown of Bromma WWTP and combined with a general population growth. Tests with a membrane bioreactor (MBR) have been carried out for one year at the R&D-facility Hammarby Sjöstadsverk where a pilot-scale plant with membrane technology was compared with the conventional Henriksdal WWTP. The loads during the tests were according to predicted loads for Henriksdal WWTP in year 2040. Four different operating conditions were studied in which the inflow of wastewater ranged between: constant mean flow, dynamic mean flow and maximum flow (expected maximum weekly load in year 2040). The following main conclusions were drawn: Targeted effluent qualities of <0.2 mg/L Tot-P and <6 mg/L Tot-N, were possible to achieve at least during one month for all operating conditions. At maximum load a higher dose of both ferrous sulfate and carbon source was allowed. At normal dosage of ferrous sulfate no adverse effect of fouling of the membranes was noted. Further, the consumption of ferrous sulphate, with normal doses applied did not differ from Henriksdal WWTP. Under maximum load conditions, with higher iron sulfate doses, effluent phosphate concentrations of around 0.1 mg/L were achieved. However, there was an indication that the molar ratio between removed phosphorus and iron dosage was decreased at the higher doses. The membranes had a high average permeability and a robust separation of particulate material throughout the test period was achieved. Sludge filterability was analyzed by two methods as part of a master’s thesis, and improved while the tests were going on, and was satisfying considering the methods reference values. The membranes were cleaned with chemicals, oxalic acid and sodium hypochlorite, on five occasions. At one of these occasions the content of organochlorine compounds, AOX, was analyzed in the effluent. AOX increased during the day the cleaning was conducted from 0.03 to 0.6 mg/L. The following day, the levels returned 0.03 mg/L. It was possible to maintain a high level of suspended solids, 4000 -10 000 mg/L in the process throughout the whole study. The total sludge age was high compared to traditional systems, 15-50 days. A comparison between sludge activity; nitrification and denitrification, however, showed that the activity was lower in the MBR-system than in Henriksdal WWTP. At peak ammonium loads, nitrification was observed in the MBR-reactor, which for the system as a whole implied complete nitrification throughout the test period. This report is only availabe in Swedish.

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  • 12.
    Samuelsson, Oscar
    et al.
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Zambrano, Jesus
    Carlsson, Bengt
    Machine learning techniques for monitoring the sludge profile in a secondary settler tank2019In: Applied water science, ISSN 2190-5487, E-ISSN 2190-5495, Vol. 9, no 6, p. 146-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this chapter is to evaluate and compare the performance of two machine learning methods, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and Gauss-ian Mixture Models (GMM), as two possible methods for monitoring the sludge profile in a secondary settler tank (SST). In GPR the prediction of the response variable is given as a Gaussian probability density function, whereas in the GMM the probability density function is built as a weighted sum of Gaussian distributions. In both approaches, a residual is calculated and a fault detection criterion is implemented via a recursive decision rule. As case study, GMM and GPR were tested using real data from a sensor measuring the suspended solids concentration as a function of the SST level in a water resource recovery facility in Bromma, Sweden. Results suggest that GMM gives a faster response but is also more sensitive than GPR to changes during normal conditions.

  • 13.
    U Lindblom, Erik
    et al.
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Samuelsson, Oscar
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Virtuell driftsättning av styrsystem på reningsverk2020Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Skärpta villkor för dagens avloppsreningsverk kräver allt mer avancerad och robust processtyrning. I detta projekt har därför en digital tvilling studerats som ett möjligt verktyg för att effektivisera och minimera fel vid driftsättning av nya styrsystem.

    Henriksdals reningsverk i Stockholm byggs om och nya styrsystem för den nya reningsprocessen utvecklas. En tidskritisk aspekt är att kontrollera att den nya styrningen är korrekt implementerad vilket idag görs genom s.k. factory acceptance och site acceptance tests (förkortas FAT och SAT). Dessa tester är tidskrävande och kan ta månader att genomföra eftersom de i hög grad utförs manuellt genom att exempelvis utvärdera effekten av ett ändrat signalvärde för var och en av de tusentals signaler och hundratals regulatorer som utgör styrsystemet. Trots det omfattande arbetet är det vanligt att fel upptäcks först efter verklig driftsättning.

    I detta projekt studerades hur digitala tvillingar kan komplettera de traditionella testerna, förbättra och effektivisera driftsättningen av ny processtyrning och därmed minska risken för fel. En digital tvilling utvecklades som baseras på en matematisk processmodell (MATLAB®/Simulink®) som kommunicerar med styrsystemet (Siemens, SIMATIC PCS 7) med hjälp av en simuleringsmjukvara (Siemens, SIMIT). Applikationen implementerades på en dator inom anläggningsägaren Stockholm Vatten och Avfalls (SVOA) nätverk vilket förenklar användningen av SVOA:s verkliga styrsystemskod.

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  • 14.
    Westling, Klara
    et al.
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Samuelsson, Oscar
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Baresel, Christian
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Royen, Hugo
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Pilot scale studies on the forthcoming world’s largest MBR facility2016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Description on set-up and results from pilot scale process line with combined activated sludge and MBR treating municipal wastewater.

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